There is another thread where someone asked about running two Sync Controllers each on their own 5V header, and I believe a Thermaltake representative replied, but I cannot recall where it was. It sounded like it was possible.
My understanding is that the LED limit is per 5V header. So each 5V header would support the 130 (or however much it was) addressable LEDs. So in theory if you had two TT Sync controllers you could plug each into a 5V header and have the ability to control 260 addressable LEDs.
If you do have two 5V headers, contact ASUS support and get some insight from them about it before moving forward.
As for trying to connect two Sync Controllers to one 5V header. The thread I linked showed how a member was able to have the signal properly split and sent to two TT Sync controllers. They had more than 9 fans, but my thought is that being your 9 Trios will have too many LEDs, if you split them between two controllers it should pan out. Though I'm guessing you'll lose some individuality of the fans; everything applied to port 1 on controller 1 would be applied to port 1 on controller 2, for example. You may want to contact the member who made that post for more details.
I'm not sure what you mean by connect a sync controller and fan hub? Do you mean the included 5 port fan hub with the controller?